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form without permission from the publisher. For permissions contact:

harshnuhelp@gmail.com.

You may use it for educational purposes personally.

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1. Model Name: Magnetic Levitation Train

Working Principle: The model demonstrates magnetic levitation

(Maglev) technology, where magnets repel each other to lift and propel a

small train.

Materials Required: Neodymium magnets, wooden track, small toy train,

and glue.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Glue neodymium magnets to the bottom of the train.

b. Create a wooden track with magnets on the bottom to repel the train's

magnets.

c. Place the train on the track and watch it levitate and move without

touching the surface.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model introduces students to Maglev

technology and its potential use in transportation for high-speed trains

with minimal friction.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the advantages of Maglev trains, such as

reduced energy consumption and increased speed.

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2. Model Name: Hydraulic Arm

Working Principle: The model demonstrates the concept of hydraulics,

where liquids transmit force through a confined space to lift and move

objects.

Materials Required: Syringes, plastic tubes, cardboard, and water.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Attach plastic tubes to the syringes to create a hydraulic system.

b. Connect the syringes with cardboard arms.

c. Push water into one syringe to observe the arm movement.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model illustrates how hydraulic systems

are used in various applications, such as car brakes and construction

equipment.

Tips for Presentation: Explain the advantages of hydraulic systems over

mechanical systems in terms of efficiency and power transmission.

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3. Model Name: Solar Water Heater

Working Principle: The model uses solar energy to heat water,

demonstrating the process of solar water heating.

Materials Required: Cardboard, aluminum foil, clear plastic sheet, black

construction paper, and a water-filled container.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Create a box using cardboard and line the inside with black

construction paper.

b. Cover the top of the box with clear plastic sheet and secure it with

glue.

c. Line the inner side of the plastic sheet with aluminum foil.

d. Place a water-filled container inside the box and position it in direct

sunlight.

e. Observe the temperature rise as the water gets heated by solar

energy.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model showcases the potential of solar

energy for water heating in households, promoting renewable energy

usage.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the importance of solar water heaters in

reducing electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

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4. Model Name: Wind-Powered Water

Pump

Working Principle: The model demonstrates the conversion of wind

energy into mechanical energy to pump water.

Materials Required: Cardboard, wooden dowels, plastic cups, small DC

motor, and a fan.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Create blades from cardboard and attach them to the wooden dowels

to form a rotor.

b. Attach the rotor to a small DC motor.

c. Position the model in front of a fan or blow air towards the rotor to

observe the motor spinning.

d. Attach a plastic cup to the motor's shaft to represent a water pump.

e. Dip the cup in water to demonstrate water pumping when the motor

rotates.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model showcases the potential of wind

energy for water pumping in remote areas with limited access to

electricity.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the challenges of water access in remote

regions and how wind-powered water pumps can be a sustainable

solution.

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5. Model Name: Eco-Friendly Car

Working Principle: The model represents an eco-friendly car design,

incorporating features like a hybrid engine and lightweight materials.

Materials Required: Cardboard, straws, bottle caps, rubber bands, and

wooden wheels.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Construct a car frame from cardboard.

b. Use straws as axles and attach wooden wheels to them.

c. Attach bottle caps as weights to the car's body to make it lightweight.

d. Wind rubber bands around the rear axle to create a hybrid engine-like

propulsion system.

e. Release the rubber bands to observe the car moving.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model promotes eco-friendly

transportation and raises awareness of the need for sustainable mobility

solutions.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the importance of reducing carbon

emissions and the role of eco-friendly cars in mitigating climate change.

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6. Model Name: Rainwater Harvesting and

Irrigation System

Working Principle: The model collects rainwater in a storage tank and

uses it for irrigation in the garden.

Materials Required: Plastic barrels/tanks, gutter system, pipes, watering

cans, and small plants.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Set up gutters to collect rainwater from the rooftop and direct it to the

storage tank.

b. Connect pipes from the tank to watering cans or hoses for irrigation.

c. Plant small plants in the garden and demonstrate irrigation using

rainwater.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model showcases an eco-friendly

approach to conserve water resources by using rainwater for irrigation

instead of relying solely on freshwater.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the importance of rainwater harvesting in

water-scarce regions and highlight how it can contribute to sustainable

gardening practices.

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7. Model Name: Biogas Generator

Working Principle: The model produces biogas by anaerobically

digesting organic waste.

Materials Required: Airtight container (plastic drum or metal tank),

organic waste (kitchen scraps, animal manure), plastic tubing, and a gas

burner/stove.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Place the organic waste inside the airtight container and seal it

properly.

b. Attach plastic tubing to the container's outlet to collect the biogas.

c. Connect the tubing to the gas burner or stove to demonstrate biogas

utilization.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model demonstrates the potential of

biogas as a renewable energy source and promotes waste-to-energy

solutions.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the environmental benefits of biogas

production and its potential applications in rural areas.

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8. Model Name: Greenhouse Effect Model

Working Principle: The model illustrates the greenhouse effect by

trapping heat inside a transparent container with carbon dioxide.

Materials Required: Glass jar, thermometer, water, vinegar, baking soda,

and a balloon.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Fill the glass jar with water and add vinegar.

b. In a separate balloon, add baking soda.

c. Stretch the balloon over the jar's mouth, ensuring it's airtight.

d. Tilt the jar to mix the baking soda with vinegar, producing carbon

dioxide gas.

e. Place the jar in direct sunlight and observe the temperature rise inside

the jar due to the greenhouse effect.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model helps students understand the

greenhouse effect and its role in regulating Earth's temperature.

Tips for Presentation: Explain the consequences of the enhanced

greenhouse effect and its impact on climate change.

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9. Model Name: Smart Irrigation System

Working Principle: The model demonstrates an automated irrigation

system that uses soil moisture sensors to water plants only when

necessary.

Materials Required: Arduino or Raspberry Pi, soil moisture sensor, water

pump, and tubing.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Set up the Arduino or Raspberry Pi with the soil moisture sensor and

water pump.

b. Place the soil moisture sensor in the plant's soil to measure moisture

levels.

c. Program the device to activate the water pump when the soil moisture

drops below a certain threshold.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model showcases how technology can be

used to optimize water usage in agriculture and promote efficient

irrigation practices.

Tips for Presentation: Discuss the importance of water conservation in

agriculture and the role of smart irrigation systems in sustainable farming.

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10. Model Name: Wind-Powered

Electricity Generator

Working Principle: The model converts wind energy into electrical

energy using a small wind turbine and generator.

Materials Required: Cardboard, wooden dowels, small generator/motor,

PVC pipe, and strong tape.

DIY Making Procedure:

a. Create blades from cardboard and attach them to the wooden dowels

to form a rotor.

b. Mount the rotor on a PVC pipe stand and connect it to the small

generator/motor.

c. Place the wind turbine in front of a fan or in a windy area to observe the

generator producing electricity when the blades rotate.

Why Is The Model Useful: This model highlights the potential of wind

energy as a renewable and clean source of electricity.

Tips for Presentation: Explain how wind energy can be harnessed on a

larger scale through wind farms and its role in reducing greenhouse gas

emissions.

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When presenting the models:

1. Clearly explain the working principle and significance of the model in a

student-friendly manner.

2. Use visual aids and diagrams to enhance understanding.

3. Relate the model to real-world applications and how it can contribute to

sustainable practices.

4. Discuss any challenges faced during the DIY process and how they were

overcome.

5. Encourage questions and interactive discussions with the audience to

keep them engaged.